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Lines & Wrinkles

Lines & Wrinkles

Lines and wrinkles are a by-product of normal ageing and are inevitable! Fine lines start as small creases very close to the surface of the skin and often develop in areas you make repetitive movements, such as around the corners of the eyes and mouth from smiling or squinting. As we age, the skin becomes thinner and less elastic so these lines that initially only appear with facial expression (dynamic lines) can start to remain even when the face is at rest (static lines). Depending on genetics, lifestyle, skincare, facial movements, skin conditions and other factors, fine lines and wrinkles can become a permanent feature in younger adults.

Wrinkles, however, are folds in the layers of your skin and generally go deeper than lines and can form anywhere on the body. Generally, fine lines combined with age and gravity causes wrinkles, they are a sign of normal ageing and don’t need treatment. In other words, there is nothing wrong with having wrinkles! Although, if you don’t like how they look there is a range of skincare products and treatments available to reduce their appearance and make them less noticeable. It is worth noting though that there is no way to entirely prevent lines and wrinkles from forming.

Causes of lines and wrinkles

Ageing

With increasing age, the turnover of skin cells (fibroblasts) slows down and as a result, the dermis (middle layer of your skin) becomes thinner. The dermis contains networks of elastin and collagen fibres and over time these networks loosen which leads to the formation of depressions on the surface of your skin. Additionally, ageing skin loses some of its ability to retain moisture, heal properly and secrete oil efficiently. All these factors in ageing skin contribute to wrinkles.

Sun Exposure

Wrinkles tend to develop more commonly in sun exposed areas (photoageing), such as the face, neck, decolletage and backs of hands, again highlighting the importance of using a high-factor sun protectant all year round from a young age. UV exposure releases cell-damaging free radicals into the layers of the skin, which breaks down collagen and elastin fibres and leads to a change in structure, known as solar elastosis.

Smoking

Smoking reduces the blood supply to the skin so it is not able to function and repair as effectively, thereby leading to premature lines and wrinkles of the skin. Indeed, your skincare expert may even be able to identify a smoker from just analysing the skin.

Facial Muscle Contraction

The repetition of facial expressions over prolonged periods of time naturally causes lines because the skin is folded again and again in the same places. Examples of these might be squinting which causes crow’s feet, frowning which causes frown lines and even smiling which causes laugh lines. There are treatments available to reduce these movements, including botulinum toxin.

Alcohol

Alcohol dehydrates the skin as well as having other detrimental benefits, leading to a greater tendency to the formation of lines and wrinkles.

Skincare for lines and wrinkles

Premature wrinkles are most likely a result of a lack of collagen in your skin, and there are several ways to boost the formation of collagen within your skin to help combat this.

Sun Protection

It is important to mention the daily use of a broad spectrum high-factor sun protectant. Although these may not improve the appearance of established lines and wrinkles, they will certainly help prevent them getting worse or the development of further problems.

Retinols

Most skincare specialists would consider a retinol product for the treatment of fine lines. There is good evidence that these Vitamin A derived substances can penetrate the skin, increase skin cell activity, increase collagen turnover and improve skin firmness and fine lines. It is important to select the correct formulation and strength for each skin type and the dosage may be very gradually increased.

Hydroxy-Acids

These include glycolic, citric and lactic acid and they act as chemical exfoliators to remove dead skin cells and stimulate the skin cells to produce a plumper dermis with fewer lines and wrinkles.

Hyaluronic Acid

Hyaluronic acid is a natural product found within the skin, joints and the eyes. It can bind water molecules up to 200 times and acts as a sponge, plumping out the skin and reducing the appearance of fine lines.

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Treatments for lines and wrinkles

There are a vast number of non-surgical cosmetic procedures whose aim is to provide a more youthful appearance, common treatments for lines and wrinkles include:

Anti-Wrinkle Injections
Dermal Fillers
Lasers
Mesotherapy and RF
Chemical Peels
Mesotherapy
Microneedling
Thread Lifts

Testimonials

"Did you know that by trying to change certain behaviours can help stop lines appearing? For example, sleeping on your back can stop sleep lines from forming, prevent squinting by wearing glasses and sunglasses can help prevent crow’s feet and try practising relaxing your brow when concentrating for forehead lines – this may also reduce tension headaches as well."
Sharon King
Advanced Nurse Practitioner

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